Wikimania 2025

The L2 Conundrum
2025-08-08 , NYERI
Language: English

🎥 Session recording: https://youtu.be/tWUaYaK-cg0?list=PLhV3K_DS5YfLPVASK2MANk6wSHgWmbULz&t=4674 🎥

Many small to medium-sized Wikipedias are under-represented compared to those languages' native speaker populations. More often than not, these are in languages where Wikipedia in a larger language is much more prominent. In this session, we discuss the power dynamics between Wikipedias and Wikipedians who speak one language (L1) but primarily edit in another (L2), and what the way forward could look like for these smaller projects.


Wikipedia is a reflection of real life, sometimes a bit too uncannily. In this presentation, we look at how language, and especially how language is perceived by the people who speak it, is reflected onto that language’s particular Wikipedia.

Just as languages often coexist in unequal relationships with one another, so do their Wikipedias. While vibrant communities of Wikipedians exist in the world’s largest languages in countries where many languages are spoken, the language that is often prejudiced by these relationships, which often are the native languages of these speakers, are left by the wayside. This can become a big problem, as these Wikipedias are often neglected by their own speakers and can be prone to community capture (e.g. the Cebuano Wikipedia and its six million articles, or the Scots Wikipedia and its article controversy).

In this presentation, we look at ways to resolve the conundrum, and how communities and the structures of our movement can help promote and uplift these smaller languages. With the movement being where it is today, it’s important that we start questioning this long-running idea of “Wikipedia is not in the business of promoting languages”. Perhaps Wikipedia SHOULD now be in the business of promoting smaller languages, or at least giving their speakers the tools to do so.


Should your session be selected for the program, do you agree to release your session and supporting materials on-wiki and on the eventyay platform under CC BY-SA 4.0?

I agree

What other themes or topics does your session fit into? Please choose from the list of tags below.

Capacity building

How does your session relate to the event theme: Wikimania@20: Inclusivity. Impact. Sustainability?

The session relates to the theme as it talks about finding ways to build more sustainable communities, and how Wikipedia can leave a positive impact on the development of the world’s many languages. Given the focus of this presentation on the speakers of languages often prejudiced by English, Spanish, French, etc., being able to discuss approaches to at least discussing this imbalance is very important.

What is the experience level needed for the audience for your session?

Everyone can participate in this session

How do you plan to deliver this session? You will be asked to confirm this closer to the date in case of changes to the format.

Hybrid, with some speakers in Nairobi and others dialing in remotely

See also: Presentation link on Google Slides

I am a long-time Wikipedia editor, having edited Wikipedia since 2005. I am also a co-founder of the Wiki Society of the Philippines (formerly Wikimedia Philippines), a former member of the Wikimedia Foundation's Affiliations Committee, and a community manager in real life.

Deryck Chan has been a Wikipedian since 2004 and a regular Wikimaniac. He serves as an administrator of the Cantonese and English Wikipedias. He is a civil engineer in his day job, specialising in reservoirs and water infrastructure, and holds a doctorate in geotechnical engineering. He has wide-ranging interests within the Wikimedia movement, from community health to sustainability and translation.